![]() The main engine or the orbital operation engine is used for the corrections of orbits, the interorbitals passing and the slowing down of the shuttle for its descent in the atmosphere. The main engines and the orbital precision steering system were elaborated in НИИ Машиностроения in the area of Sverdlovsk. The connection between the motor unit and the launch pad.The autonomous thermal control of the motor unit notably by the traffic of cold fuel over the warm elements.The increase of the propulsion capacity of the main engine (90 kN) which allows to use it for the speeded-up combustion of the fuel in case of damage, but also with the aim of increasing the total efficiency of the system.The implementation of an electrical ignition system, the cooling by oxygen gas and the control of the quantity of oxygen in the combustion chamber to limit the soot-forming.The storage of liquid combustible in conditions close to the weightlessness, thanks to a structure in honeycomb in the lower part of the tank.The supply of gas turbines by oxygen mixed with a small quantity of fuel.The filing up of all the oxygen for the engines in a cryogenic low pressure tank (the use of a tank cooled at -210 ☌ allowed to avoid the losses of oxygen by evaporation and avoided the use of refrigerated truck).8 engines of precise orientation with a thrust of 200 N and a specific impulse 265 s, they can be switched on until 5000 times during a flight.38 control engines with a thrust of 4 kN and a specific impulse of 275-295 s (according to the destination), they can be switched on until 2000 times during a flight.2 orbital operations engines (main engines) with a thrust of 90 kN and a specific impulse of 362 s, it can be switched on until 5000 times during a flight. ![]() The Buran's propulsion system is made of: The difference between the 2 engines types is that the main engines work with liquid oxygen while the orbital precision steering system use gas oxygen. The use of ecologically clean fuel increased the specific impulse of engines, but needed the introduction on Buran of cryotechniques elements, because the oxygen is transferred and stored in the liquid state (the boiling point is -183☌). In the case of an average engines assure, in first, an accelerated combustion of the fuel after the separation of Energia (until kg/s 70) to re-stabilize the shuttle.Įxcept for the purely dynamic tasks the propulsion system also assures the thermal auto-regulation, and the auto-control of equipments, as well as the integration with the electric supply system.įor the first time in the world the motor unit of a shuttle uses a cryogenic oxidizer (liquid oxygen) and one synthetic not cryogenic hydrocarbon with an improved efficiency. In the case of an undamaged flight, engines assure the separation of Buran and Energia, the movement of Buran on the working orbit (2 impulses), the stabilization, the orientation, orbitals operations, rapprochement and docking with other spaceships, the slowing down and the control of the going down. The motor unit is one of the main systems of Buran, it is used to equilibrate the launcher during the putting into orbit and for all dynamic operations during the space flight.
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